Glycine Soja Oil (Soybean) — Soybean oil contains antioxidants, linoleic acid, oleic acid, vitamin E, and vitamin K. This ingredient reduces TEWL, helps restore the skin barrier, nourishes the skin, is photoprotective, and neutralizes free radicals.
Carthamus Tinctorius Seed Oil (Safflower) — An oil with concentrated linoleic acid, which is a structural component of cell membranes and maintains epidermal water levels. It is lightweight, easily absorbed, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and a melanin inhibitor. With its high vitamin E content, safflower reduces the signs of photoaging and oxidative stress while softening and providing skin conditioning and lubricating properties.
3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid — Water- and oil-soluble ethyl ascorbic acid provides all the benefits of vitamin C in a more stable form. It is an antioxidant, brightens the skin and inhibits tyrosinase, boosts collagen synthesis, increases fibroblast proliferation, supports wound healing, reduces inflammation, helps ‘recycle’ vitamin E, smooths rough texture, decreases photodamage, and diminishes the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Kojic Acid — This chelation (binding) agent suppresses melanin production and brightens hyperpigmentation. Kojic acid inhibits tyrosinase. Over time, it evens skin tone by affecting melanocytes’ ability to transfer pigment to skin cells.
Halidrys Siliquosa Extract — A type of brown algae that suppresses hyperpigmentation. Halidrys Siliquosa protects the dermal matrix by inhibiting enzymes that break down elastin and collagen. It is also a potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and free radical scavenging extract with unique compounds that protect against UV damage.
Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E) — The most bioadaptable™ form of vitamin E and a powerful antioxidant. Tocopheryl acetate strengthens the skin’s barrier function, protects the skin barrier-lipid balance, and reduces TEWL. It is also softening, anti-inflammatory, and photoprotective, preventing keratinocyte “sunburn cell” formation and lipid peroxidation after UV exposure.