Hamamelis Virginiana Leaf Extract (Witch Hazel) — A natural soothing botanical with astringent, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory compounds. Witch Hazel inhibits enzymes that break down collagen and elastin and reduces the production of pro-inflammatory proteins by up to 85%. It is also used to speed up wound healing.
Algae Extract — An emollient brown algae polysaccharide that increases water retention and creates a light film on the skin, preventing TEWL. This fermented extract increases the biocompatibility and concentration of antioxidants, minerals, and amino acids.
Saccharomyces Ferment — Saccharomyces, a yeast ferment, soothes the skin and increases cellular oxygen. It increases amino acids, peptides, absorption, biocompatibility, and bioactivity potential.
Macrocystis Pyrifera Extract (Kelp) — This brown seaweed reduces glycation and wrinkles. It increases skin firmness and suppleness by stimulating hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis; HA and the hygroscopic aspects of seaweed boost the skin’s capacity for hydration. Kelp is densely nutritious with high levels of antioxidant vitamins, phenolic compounds, amino acids, iodine, and trace minerals.
Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract (Gotu Kola) — Gotu kola is an herb in the parsley family that contains amino acids and madecassoside, a wound-healing antioxidant. This herbal extract improves texture, fights inflammation, counteracts glycation, and promotes fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis.
Decarboxy Carnosine HCI — Carnosine is naturally occurring in the skin, where it reduces the signs of photodamage, improves texture and tone, and gives the skin an overall more youthful appearance. It is a peptide that helps restore the skin by blocking the cohesion of glucose to collagen, preventing glycosylation. Carnosine also stimulates collagen production and reorients collagen fibers in the dermis.
Silybum Marianum Fruit Extract (Milk Thistle) — Silymarin is the primary biocompatible substance found in milk thistle. It is a polyphenol that supports and boosts the body’s antioxidant system and free radical scavenging ability. Milk thistle also inhibits lipid peroxidation, especially damage to skin lipids from UVA exposure.
Tocopherol — Also known as vitamin E, this lipid-soluble antioxidant hydrates and improves water-holding capacity in the skin. Vitamin E is free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and softening. It is also photoprotective, preventing keratinocyte “sunburn cell” formation and lipid peroxidation after UV exposure. Tocopherol also inhibits tyrosine, melanogenesis, and increases intracellular concentrations of glutathione, which repairs tissue and supports immune function.